But what mistake were we making? Something happened within the group (there weren’t many of us, about forty if I remember rightly): a tyranny was created. — Of course there’s a difference, of course there is, but it isn’t the difference that you’re imagining. I would not have done so even if I could have because that would have meant imposing freedom on them and that is against my anarchist principles. What emerged from the political troubles in Rome? There were, amongst us, people who did not order other people about or impose themselves on others; instead they helped them in every way possible. It was the finest hour of my anarchist theory, the day on which I discovered, if I can be put it this way, the technique of anarchism. Working for the future is all very well, I thought; working so that others should be free is only right. The true anarchist wants freedom not only for himself, but also for others. And there are secondary factors that are equally odd. Tags. You’ve created as much of a tyranny as any other representative of the social fictions that you claim to fight. I said, “You really are an anarchist, but even after hearing what you say, I still can’t help laughing when I compare you and your fellow anarchists out there. Author: Fernando Pessoa. What can be done? Logically, then, we either decide that a natural society is a real possibility and thus become defenders of anarchism, or we decide that it is not possible and become defenders of the bourgeois regime. Opposite me sat my friend, the banker—a well-known capitalist and tycoon—absent-mindedly smoking his cigar. It too goes against anarchist principles. Until then, the social fictions could only be shaken, left hanging by a thread; they would only be destroyed with the coming of a free society and the definitive fall of bourgeois society. It appears to be the contrary of a tyranny, doesn’t it? If they could only find the strength to fight when clinging to each other and creating amongst themselves a new simulacrum of the tyranny they claimed they wanted to combat, then let them, the fools; that was all they were good for. Those are natural qualities. The one we are used to. He wants to be free from the influence and pressure of social fictions; he wants to be as free as he was when he was born, which is how it should be; and he wants that freedom for himself and for everyone. If that’s so, then we can wave goodbye to a free society. So that was the course of action I followed. The difficulties were as follows: it is not natural to work for anything, whatever it is, without receiving a natural, that is, selfish reward for it; and it is not natural to put all that effort into something without having the reward of knowing that your aim will be achieved. The anarchist banker : a new interpretation and a new English translation with the original Portuguese edition. Those were the principles and the circumstances that decided me to do what I could to combat social fictions—alone. I’ll work alone in order not to create, in any conceivable form, any kind of tyranny. What is the best way to gain freedom for the whole of humanity? He didn’t even light his cigar, which had again gone out. I was about twenty years old at the time, twenty-one at most, and that was when I became an anarchist. It wasn’t a tyranny that derived from a social fiction which, however regrettable, would be understandable up to a certain point, although less so amongst people like us engaged in fighting those fictions. If a society in which only the natural qualities of Man operate—those qualities with which we are born, qualities given to us by Nature and over which we have no power whatsoever—if a society in which only those qualities operate is nothing but a conglomeration of tyrannies, who is going to lift a finger to contribute to the creation of such a society? One man is born the son of a millionaire, protected from the cradle from all the misfortunes that money can avoid or make bearable, of which there are many. No, I needed to do something. It was easy to read and the starting idea was interesting, but first, I couldn't agree with his explanations and second, the narrative form was too self-aggrandizing: the second character exists only to admire the first one, and this is quite boring. There was a mistake here, some error. The aim was to achieve freedom; by making myself superior to the power of money, that is, by freeing myself from it, I would achieve freedom. We need have no qualms about crushing the ‘freedom’ of the powerful, of the well-to-do, of all those who represent the social fictions and benefit from them. Never entertain thoughts of libertarianism. What we wanted for ourselves and for others, for humanity as a whole, was a new society, free from all the preconceptions that create artificial inequalities amongst men and cause them all kinds of humiliations, sufferings, and hardships that Nature would not. If the road had to be walked by each person separately, then I didn’t need anyone else to walk down it with me. Now what selfish, or natural, reward could I gain from my dedication to the cause of a free society and the future happiness of mankind? We are not born, in terms of natural justice, to be a husband or to be rich or poor, just as we are not born to be Catholic or Protestant, to be Portuguese or English. Having established those criteria, I never forgot them. — My friend, I’ve already told you, I’ve already proved it to you, and I repeat it again. But what’s so very strange about that? Buy, sell, and rent smarter with Compass. I tried out this conclusion, or rather conclusions, on my comrades and they agreed with me; they all agreed that it was necessary to go forward and to do everything possible to create a free society. It is their lives that are not truly anarchistic, that fall short of their anarchistic ideals, not mine. But this, apart from the obvious difficulties involved, would not be combating a social fiction; it would not be combating anything, it would be running away. The largest community for investors and traders I don’t know a lot about history, but what I do know only confirms my theory; how could it not? Now, apart from pure anarchism, any system based on the desire to abolish each and every one of these fictions is also a fiction. I’ve never helped anyone, because that implies a diminution of someone else’s freedom; it’s against my principles. I almost lost my faith in anarchism. “That’s all very well, but there’s something you’ve missed out. Rather than assuming that natural qualities might be naturally perverted—which, in a way, is a contradiction in terms—it seems more natural to imagine that humanity’s long co-existence with the creators of tyranny, i.e. Posted on February 24, 2015 February 24, 2015. — I do. The Anarchist Banker, a stylishly black and white film based on a 1922 short story by Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, won the Persefone Award at the 75th Venice Film Festival in 2017. If you go to war, you both win and lose. Now that really wouldn’t do. For someone who has only this one life, who doesn’t believe in eternal life, who admits no other law than that of Nature, who is opposed to the State because it is unnatural, to marriage because it is unnatural, to money because it is unnatural, to all such social fictions because they are unnatural, why on Earth should he defend altruism and sacrifice himself for humanity if altruism and self-sacrifice are also unnatural? I succeeded. “Now do you remember the two logical difficulties that I told you had arisen at the beginning of my career as a fully conscious anarchist? One thing is then clear. Where did that idea of duty come from? — That decision hardly reveals tremendous intelligence on your part. All freethinking people base themselves on the principle not only that the present system is unjust, but on the fact that there is some advantage, some justice in replacing it with a fairer system. I know what you’re thinking. — It took the following form. Now why are these social fictions a bad thing? I, however, interrupted him: “Just one question, purely out of curiosity. How do you reconcile your life, I mean your life in banking and commerce, with anarchist theory? We will remain united because we are morally united and we are working in the same way for the same end, we will still be anarchists because each of us is working for a free society, but we will no longer be either voluntary or involuntary traitors to our cause—we cannot be—because by continuing our anarchist work alone, we place ourselves beyond the detrimental influence of social fictions and the hereditary effect they have on the qualities given to us by Nature. Show More . Then he went on in the same tone. On the other hand, science cannot help us either because, however far back we go in history, we always find Man living under some kind of social tyranny, and therefore in a state which does not allow us to ascertain what Man would be like if he lived in pure and entirely natural circumstances. Apparently, anarchy is a misunderstood concept. If society can be natural, then it’s possible to create an anarchist or free society, as is only right, because an anarchist society is entirely natural. They are the degree of intellect, imagination, willpower, etc., with which each of us is born—I’m talking purely about mental qualities, of course, because natural physical qualities are irrelevant here. But the fact is that this happened all the time, every day, and not only in matters relating to the consciousness-raising program, but outside that too, in ordinary matters of everyday life. Some gave orders to others and made the latter do whatever they wanted them to do; some imposed themselves on others and obliged them to be whatever they wanted them to be; some used cunning tricks and devices to lead others into areas into which they did not want to be led. For that, more than any other, was the one I should try to subjugate, try to render powerless. The Anarchist Banker is back. There is no intermediate hypothesis. Dit kortverhaal uit 1922 is een van de weinige prozawerken die de Portugese dichter Fernando Pessoa schreef. It must be that. There was a short pause. I didn’t stop them. Do you understand? We can’t say why it was recorded. But how on Earth was I to put this into practice? Isn’t that it? They might merely want to play at being libertarians, but I did not. Better stick to the tyranny we know; at least we’re used to it, and it will inevitably seem less burdensome than some new tyranny, a tyranny against which, as with all tyrannies that have their roots in Nature, there would be no possible revolt, just as we cannot rebel against having to die, or against being born into a low social position when we would much prefer to have been born into a higher one. I decided that the anarchist ideal was above such squabbles. Notice, too, that it occurred in a group of people who had gathered together in order to do what they could for the anarchist cause, that is, to do what they could to combat social fictions and to create a future freedom. More than that, I asked, Why should I sacrifice myself? The foolish anarchist who throws bombs and shoots people knows that he is killing people, while also knowing that his doctrines do not include the death penalty. But I’m sure you don’t believe that abolishing knives would do away with murderers. I almost came to blows with one or two of them. Since the financial crisis of 2007-2009, the ethics of those who work in the banking sector have come under special scrutiny. If we believe that social fictions are unjust because they crush and oppress what is natural in Man, why put all our efforts into replacing them with new fictions, if instead we can put all our efforts into destroying them? That was one of the few times in my life I have acted foolishly. You did create tyranny. How does being helpful do that? The following day, capital would be in the hands of others and, through them, it would continue its tyranny. We would all work towards the great social revolution, we would work for a free society, whether the future justified our efforts or not. But is that use of natural qualities legitimate? What I’m explaining now is the psychological route, the reason why people become anarchists; we’ll get to the theoretical part in a moment. The conversation had been gradually petering out … Another man is born as I was, and has to behave with absolute rectitude in order to be treated like a human being. And it has always been like that. In the anarchist banker, Pessoa has created a false artist, one who is within Aristotelian theory even though he may pretend not to be. Those who started giving orders to others, or leading them into areas where they didn’t want to go, were not doing this based on their having money or social position or some entirely fictitious authority they might have arrogated to themselves; they were doing it under the influence of something that went beyond those social fictions. He questions his friend about his anarchist origins and discovers to his amazement that the banker still considers himself to be an anarchist. Let’s examine that aspect of the problem. — As I was saying, in the area of material adaptation there is still one further hypothesis. My whole life proves it. The rabble were born to be slaves. Queriam a liberdade, logo que fossem os outros que lha arranjassem, logo que lhe fosse dada como um rei dá um título! by Guernica World Editions. I deduce from what you’ve said that, by anarchism, you understand (and I think it’s fine as a definition) a revolt against all social conventions and formulae, together with the desire and intention to abolish them all. berlin Fernando Pessoa. Things don’t necessarily remain the same, and sometimes they get worse. I don't know yet. — Yes, you’re right. It was a natural gesture. I only have one life. — It is open war, I thought, between me and the social fictions. He questions his friend about his anarchist origins and discovers to his amazement that the banker still considers himself to be an anarchist. What would happen if you destroyed all the capitalists in the world, but kept Capital? They were unmasked. Set to enjoy its world premiere at AFI Fest in Los Angeles tonight, The Banker has been pushed to the back of the line. If I understand you correctly, you’re saying that you’re different from them because you are more of an anarchist than they are, is that so? I studied this possibility and I saw that it was nonsense. And you just wait and see what emerges from the Russian Revolution... Something that will set back the creation of a free society by decades, but then what can you expect from a country of illiterates and mystics? We had just finished having supper. Was I supposed to worry about means when I was combating social fictions which were both immoral and unnatural? And what a tyranny! Stupidity or lack of willpower have nothing to do with the application of those qualities; it has to do with their degree of excellence. In the end, I earned a lot of money. We would not achieve very much on our own either, but at least we would not be standing in the path of freedom, we would not be creating a new tyranny. I’ve already said that my fate was not as bad as it could have been, but, at the time, it seemed to me that I was a being to whom Fate had dealt out all kinds of injustices and had made use of social convention in order to do so. GREAT book from one of my fave all-time authors/poets. Morally, though, he is defeated, precisely because he did not fight. I was born amongst the working classes of this city. It’s impossible—more than that, it’s absurd. They were resolved by the anarchist course of action that my reasoning led me to realize was the only true course of action. The point is this: I aim for freedom, I achieve freedom; I achieve what freedom I can because, obviously, I can only achieve a freedom that is achievable. — A sudden, overwhelming social revolution that would force society to leap from a bourgeois regime to a free society, a social revolution prepared for by intense and continuous work, by direct and indirect action, intended to prepare all minds for the coming of a free society and to lull bourgeois resistance into a state of coma. — No, you can’t. 4 stars, because it raises interesting issues, it is well-structured, and, most importantly, because I read it as fiction and as ironic. Someone who gives orders to another for reasons that have nothing to do with the established social fictions must do so because he is superior to the other in one or another of those natural qualities. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. He took it up again shortly afterwards, his voice calmer. Precisely because they are fictions, because they are not natural. -- Were they capable of argument or thought, that is the argument that would be used by the fools who defend a dictatorship of the proletariat. How could I shrug off its influence and tyranny over me without avoiding contact with it? He again paused for a moment, as if considering how he should continue. socio-historical oxymoron, the anarchist banker, Pessoa confronts the reader with the wonder and shock of a story become manifesto, fable, and myth, with its unbelievable verisimilitude. It was fine that I was prepared to sacrifice myself with no truly personal reward in sight—that is, with no truly natural reward. Let us return to the case in point. What is the natural use of our natural qualities? The friend asks the banker about his past as an anarchist and the banker answers that he is still an anarchist. How can you destroy those social fictions? I have to choose one of two courses of action, the only two open to me; obviously I can’t choose both. And even if I were merely sent to prison or into exile, the anarchist cause would have lost a fighter for the cause, whereas the twelve capitalists I had disposed of would not be a loss to bourgeois society because the component parts of bourgeois society are not fighters, they are purely passive elements, for the ‘struggle’ lies not with the members of bourgeois society but with the social fictions upon which that society is founded. Immediately after that, pursuing the same line of thought, another difficulty arose which also caused me considerable problems. But Pessoa’s Banker attempts to retain some intellectual honesty in his process. He inhaled the smoke from his cigar, then slowly exhaled, blowing the smoke out to one side of me. We can’t say why it was recorded. I did like the idea, but no, it was about going to the bar named incognito, but that happens, people think new things about what you write and if that's how they read it maybe that is wh, Once I went to a poetry night in a bar in Cais do Sodré (in Lisbon) and the Portuguese poet Antonio Carlos Cortez was reading some of his poems. She starred in the films An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), Terms of Endearment (1983), and Shadowlands (1993), each of which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best … Jan Peter Hammer. The degree of intelligence or willpower of an individual is down to him and Nature; the social fictions themselves contribute nothing. They would not. In 1971, a right wing party was founded with the name "Libertarian Party", forever spoiling the use of the word libertarian. At the time, I avoided the problem with a couple of empty phrases, something along the lines of ‘I was doing my duty by the future and the future would do its duty by me.’. It’s very simple. And what happens? View: 961 Would the social fictions be in any way shaken? Now imagine a much larger, much more influential group, dealing with important matters and decisions of a fundamental nature. Do you understand? Insightfully updated version of a short story by poet Fernando Pessoa from 1922. But then how the devil...? I tried to revive it with an idea that had just surfaced in my mind. I freed myself. The idea of justice, I thought, was here inside me. Once bourgeois defences are broken down and the whole of society has been reduced to a state of acceptance of anarchist doctrine and all that is required is a social revolution, then, in order to drive that home, we might have to stop working separately. It is intrinsic to the social fictions themselves, and I did not add to it. What would be the result? He looked at me for a moment, but without really looking at me. Because my course of action—which, as I proved to you before, was the only true anarchist course of action—did not allow me to free anyone else. Therefore, I am the true anarchist. The most I could do in that direction was to destroy—to destroy in the physical sense of ‘to kill’—one or more members of the representative classes of bourgeois society. I started to draw up a plan of action. I mean, I’m capable of speaking in public, if necessary, and I’m capable of writing an article in a newspaper, but what I wanted to find out was if my natural talents indicated that, by specializing in indirect action—in either or both of its two forms—I could obtain more positive results for the anarchist ideal than by focusing my efforts in some other direction. There would then be something in material existence to which humanity could adapt itself. That’s what I’m coming to. I was an ordinary worker. For the hundredth time I repeat: only a social revolution can destroy social fictions; until that time, a perfect anarchist course of action like mine can only subjugate the social fictions, and subjugate them only in relation to the anarchist who follows that course of action, because it does not allow for those fictions to be subjugated for long. — As I explained, there can be no material adaptation to something that does not exist materially. If we all work for the same anarchist aim, we each contribute with our own efforts to the destruction of social fictions which is what we’re aiming for, and to the creation of a free society in the future. I confess, my friend, that I did have the occasional moment of doubt. I would only achieve freedom for myself, of course, but, as I have already established, freedom for all can only come with the destruction of all social fictions, via a social revolution, and I could not make that social revolution alone. The Anarchist Banker, which starts in the nineteenth century, and the second volume, Professor Pfiglzz and His Strange Companion, present English readers for the first time with a generous sampling of the best classic and new Portuguese writing. In 1922 a short novel written by Fernando Pessoa, “The Anarchist Banker”, was published in the modernist literary magazine Contemporânea. where the narrator meets an old friend, now a wealthy banker. No one wanted to follow me along the true anarchist path, so I would walk it alone, with my own resources, with my own faith, without even the moral support of those who had once been my comrades in order to do battle with the social fictions. You are, firstly, committing an act of tyranny, and, secondly, an act of scorn. Some men are born in conditions that allow them to study, to travel, to educate themselves, to become (you might say) more intelligent than others who are by nature more intelligent than them. I wanted to understand my rebellion. Had I the stopped others, then my doing so, that would have been a crime. The Anarchist Banker, was it not enough to send it shuffling through the hands of so many friends, acquaintances, and strangers? 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